Recently, the China automotive strategy and policy research center, China automotive technology research center, released a research report on the policy measures to promote the development of electric vehicles in the United States (hereinafter referred to as the "report").

    In recent years, the development of electric vehicles in the United States has achieved remarkable results, with the annual sales of BEV and PHEV rising from 17,800 in 2011 to 326,600 in 2019, the report said. After being overtaken by China in 2015, the annual sales of electric vehicles have become the second largest in the world.Among them, the Model series of tesla, headquartered in California, has made a huge contribution to the us market, growing from 2,400 vehicles in 2012 to 191,600 in 2018, with a slight decline in 2019, when the annual sales volume still reached 189,400.The market share increased from 4.5% in 2012 to 53.0% in 2018. In 2019, despite the decline of overall sales of BEV and PHEV in China, the market share increased to 58.0%.

    The total sales volume of BEV and PHEV and tesla sales volume (10,000 units) in the United States over the years are from the alternative fuel data center (AFDC) in the United States

    The U.S. government is expected to maintain or reduce policy support for electric vehicles in the future.At the same time, state governments, notably California, which is pushing for energy efficiency and emissions reductions, will continue to support the introduction of electric vehicles.The future development direction of electric vehicle policy in the United States is as follows: first, fiscal and tax policies will continue to be implemented to support electric vehicles, but the preferential level will be reduced.No end date has been announced for the individual income tax credit and purchase subsidy policies currently implemented by the federal and California governments, respectively. However, the direct discount amount will decline, and the technical indicators such as the pure electric driving range of the beneficiary models will be improved.The second is to continue to implement differentiated preferential policies for electric vehicles. For example, the state government represented by California will continue to use the HOV lane right of way policy to optimize the use environment of electric vehicles.Third, we will continue to give priority to economic penalties such as taxation, fees and fines rather than administrative measures.For example, the federal CAFE regulations and the California ZEV points set penalty clauses.Fourth, continue to pay attention to the fairness of fiscal and tax policies, pay attention to low-income groups, and curb luxury consumption. For example, California will continue to offer more preferential treatment to low-income groups than general groups, while high-income groups and high-end luxury consumption will still be restricted to enjoy preferential treatment.

    At present, the development of new energy vehicles in China is facing major challenges, and the development speed of the market has slowed down sharply and even declined.The covid-19 epidemic at the beginning of 2020 has put the new energy vehicle industry under greater development pressure. The new energy vehicle development policy led by the development plan for energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry (2012-2020) is about to expire.The us electric vehicle policy has certain reference value for China to study and formulate a new round of new energy vehicle development policy. Based on China's national conditions, governance system and governance capacity, industry and market, the following aspects of enlightenment are summarized and proposed:

    First, we will continue to implement preferential fiscal and tax policies for new energy vehicles.Consider new energy vehicles development goals, and it is difficult to compete with fuel vehicles, suggest to delay new energy vehicles purchase tax subsidies to exit the pace, in the next few years to keep the purchase subsidies, according to industry market situation and timely adjust subsidies, plus related to energy conservation and emissions reduction by the threshold technology, at the same time, the differentiated treatment of medium and small size and large vehicles (luxury).

    Second, we will increase fiscal, tax and financial support for the construction and use of infrastructure for charging and replacing electricity.We will strive to address consumers' worries about buying new energy vehicles, give full play to their cost advantages in the use phase of new energy vehicles, and make it easier and cheaper for consumers to charge their vehicles.On the one hand, we will enrich policies to support the infrastructure construction of electricity charging and replacing, and provide financing, subsidies and other support to the main players in the infrastructure construction of electricity charging and replacing.On the other hand, the charging cost of consumers can be reduced, such as providing electric car owners with preferential electricity charges, setting up some free or preferential charging stations that are open to the whole society (setting an upper limit of the preferential power available to bicycles), etc.

    Third, we will continue to implement the double-point policy, encourage the development of energy-saving and new-energy vehicles in parallel, and introduce economic measures with awards, penalties and upper limits.Continue to study China's fuel consumption standards in 2030, give appropriate rewards to those who are superior in the development of energy-saving or new energy vehicles, and punish those who fail to meet the minimum requirements. Meanwhile, pay attention to the scale of rewards and penalties (set an upper limit for rewards, so that the effect of the policy can be controlled, so as to avoid unpredictable phenomena such as taking one side and losing the other;Set an upper limit on penalties, formulate or modify relevant laws and regulations, and mainly consider the implementation of economic penalties (including fees or purchases from others) rather than administrative measures.

    Fourth, encourage local governments to actively explore new energy vehicle promotion measures in light of local conditions.Encourage conditional local government adjust measures to local conditions, or the surrounding areas of joint coordination linkage effect into play, from the popularization and application in many aspects, the fiscal and taxation support and financial and personnel support layout, especially can green plates, and communities in exploring low emission zone, new energy vehicles to use bus lanes, pure electric truck differentiation traffic management measures, such as urban road access to optimize local new energy automobile market environment, sets up the local promotion.